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The wide scale use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) due to their unique properties and important applications in magnetic, thermal, electrical, sensor devices, and cosmetics makes human beings more prone to the exposure of CuONPs and its potential adverse effects. Exposure to such nanoparticles is mainly through skin and inhalation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the apoptotic and genotoxic potential of CuONPs (50 nm) in the human skin epidermal (HaCaT) cells and its underlying mechanism of cellular toxicity. Significant decreases in cell viability were observed with CuONPs exposure in a dose- and time-dependent manner and also induced significant reduction in glutathione and induction in lipid peroxidation, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in HaCaT cells. A significant increase in caspase-3 activity was observed with CuONPs exposure in HaCaT cells indicating …