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Canada is a colonial society, although Canada’s Prime Minister believes otherwise. During an interview at the G20 conference in 2009 he stated,“We have no history of colonialism”(Canada Newswire 2009). Such denial serves to perpetuate colonial oppression. This theme of oppression runs entrenched throughout Canada’s historical and contemporary social policies related to First Nations Peoples. Similarities and differences exist between experiences of First Nations, 1 Métis, 2 and Inuit3 Peoples regarding the Government of Canada’s exertions of power. This chapter seeks to present this theme primarily in relation to the First Nations Peoples of the northern part of Ininiwi-Ministik (North America). It begins with a historical overview, then moves to early policies established by the British colonies that became part of Canada. The early laws and policies of Canada are then briefly reviewed. Several contemporary …