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Studies aimed as measuring how local food environments (LFEs) might influence disease progression and management are described in Chapters 4 and 5. This research has shown geographic disparities in the availability of healthy foods across the United States as well as provided empirical evidence of the relationship between these disparities and dietary intake among some U.S. populations. Results of these and other seminal studies on disease rates associated with area socioeconomic and racial/ethnic characteristics continue to challenge investigators to measure geographic disparities of disease patterns. Regarding the local food environment literature, investigators have heavily relied on obesity as a disease outcome. Part of the rationale for measuring the associations between local food environments and obesity is that like disparities in local food environments, racial/ethnic minorities, individuals of …