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MicroRNAs are critical post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and key mediators of pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study is aimed to study the role of miR-665 in the progression of IBD. Real-time PCR analysis was used to determine miR-665 expression in 89 freshly isolated IBD samples and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colonic mucosal tissues. The role of miR-665 in inducing apoptosis and colitis were examined by Annexin V, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling) staining, colony formation in vitro and DSS-induced colitis mice model in vivo. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay, western blot analysis and microribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation were performed to determine that miR-665 directly repressed XBP1 (X-box-binding protein-1) and ORMDL3 expression. Herein, our results revealed that miR-665 was markedly …