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To evaluate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a large cohort of children with Down syndrome (DS), and to investigate which patient- related factors correlate with disease severity.

We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study in children with DS referred for full overnight polysomnography in a tertiary care center.

Polysomnographic data are available for 122 children (70 boys), age 5.0 y (2.8–10.5), and body mass index (BMI) z-score 0.7 (−0.3 to 1.7). The overall prevalence of OSA was 66.4%. In almost half of these children severe OSA was diagnosed (obstructive AHI [oAHI] ≥ 10/h). In children with parental reports of snoring or witnessed apneas (group A), OSA was significantly more common (75.7%) than in those without these symptoms (group B) 53.8% (P = 0.019). Children in group A had more …