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Background: The recent economic recession, which began in 2007, has had a detrimental effect on the health of the adult population, but no study yet has investigated the impact of this downturn on adolescent health. This article uniquely examines the effect of the crisis on adolescents’ psychological health complaints in a cross-national comparison. Methods: Data came from the World Health Organization collaborative ‘Health Behaviour in School-aged Children’ study in 2005–06 and 2009–10. We measured change in psychological health complaints from before to during the recession in the context of changing adult and adolescent unemployment rates. Furthermore, we used logistic multilevel regression to model the impact of absolute unemployment in 2010 and its change rate between 2005–06 and 2009–10 on adolescents’ psychological health complaints in 2010. Results: Descriptive results …