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This study aimed to investigate cellular sources of microRNAs (miRNA) within adipose tissue and the impact of obesity on miRNA expression, as well as to examine targets of miRNAs.

miRNA expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction was examined in adipocytes, adipose tissue macrophages (ATM), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from and individuals with normal weight and with obesity. Differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were cocultured with macrophages, and 3T3‐L1 and differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells were transfected with miR‐155, with peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ) and solute carrier family 2 member 4 (GLUT4) abundance measured via Western blot analysis.

Abundance of miR‐155 and miR‐210 was increased in ATM of participants with obesity by 6.7‐fold and 2.9‐fold (P = 0.002 and P = 0.013, respectively …