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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether oocyte retrieval and in vitro maturation (IVM) is effective in girls undergoing fertility preservation before cancer treatment. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary university medical center. PATIENT(S): Patients ≤20 years old before gonadotoxic chemotherapy undergoing ovarian cortex cryopreservation. INTERVENTION(S): Before ovarian cortex cryopreservation, oocytes in all observed follicles were aspirated, matured in vitro, and cryopreserved. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Maturation of oocytes. RESULT(S): One hundred seventy-nine oocytes were detected in 17/19 patients (89%) aged 5–20 years. We found 7, 8, and 17 oocytes in patients 5, 8, and 10 years old, respectively. The median number of oocytes per patient was 9 (0–37). Maturation rate was 45/133 oocytes (34%). In total, 81 oocytes were cryopreserved. We cryopreserved 4 of 12 detected, 4 of 9 detected, 1 of …