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This paper discusses the gender debate that has arisen amidst the tackling of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 4 (reduce child mortality) and highlights the need for greater gender equality in measuring child health outcomes in the post-MDG era in line with MDG 3 (promote gender equality and empower women). The paper examines the need to profile gender as a determinant of child health inequality; it also identifies research issues and solutions with regards to gender and child health, including data recording, biological sex differences, and problems in the use of the estimated-expected mortality ratios for data analysis. The paper also provides a brief overview of gender inequity in child health in India. Finally, challenges and recommendations for future work on the topic are presented.