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Introduction: Main task of universities is training efficient and effective human resources. Students annually experience ACADEMIC FAILURE due to different reasons. Because ACADEMIC FAILURE of medical students has negative impacts on the community, patients, profession and university, the present study aimed to determine the frequency of ACADEMIC FAILURE, and to compare its associated FACTORS from the VIEWPOINT of the students with and without ACADEMIC FAILURE. Method: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted during the second semester of 2011-2012 academic years on 148 NURSING AND MIDWIFERY STUDENTS in Khorramabad Nursing and Midwifery Faculty using convenience sampling method. ACADEMIC FAILURE was considered 0.2 and more decline in standard score (Z score) of the grade point average of the prior semester compare to the two previous semesters. The instrument was a researcher made questionnaire which included demographic information and 52 questions about influential FACTORS on ACADEMIC FAILURE. Five point likert scale questions from very high to very low applied to examine the students’ agreement with the FACTORS affecting ACADEMIC FAILURE. The Questionnaires were self-reporting. Descriptive statistics, Chi square test, and independent T test were used for data analysis. Results: 36.5% of the students had ACADEMIC FAILURE. The most important reported FACTORS of ACADEMIC FAILURE from the VIEWPOINT of the students with ACADEMIC FAILURE were death of a close one (4.13±1.25), faculty members’ teaching method (4.11±1.7), high number of …