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Description: Objective: Medication errors are the most common type of medical error and an avoidable cause of iatrogenic injury in pediatric patients. These errors can occur at any point in the process of ordering, transcribing, dispensing, administering, or monitoring medications. This study was conducted to verify medication errors by analyzing medication orders and the nursing staff's reports in medical notes of children admitted in Madany Pediatric Hospital, Khoramabad, Iran, in the first 6 months of 2004. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional and hospital information based study. Samples included 898 medical charts of children selected by random sampling. The data collection instruments were a demographic questionnaire for patients, physicians and nurses, a scale for analyzing medication orders and a scale for analyzing the nursing staff's reports. Data are analyzed by SPSS Ver. 11.5 software. Findings: Analysis of the medication orders indicated that in 74.1%, drug administration precautions were not written down, in 47.8%, exact time or intervals of drug administration were not recorded, in 45.5%, drug unit was not stated or it was incomplete or ambiguous, and in 20.5%, orders had at least one drug interaction. Analysis of nursing staff's reports indicated that in 77.5%, drug administration precautions were not indicated, in 14.9%, drug interactions were not noted, in 14.8%, time or intervals of drug administration were not according to orders, and in 6.3%, medication was not administered by nurses. Conclusion: In the busy and complex environment of pediatric units, medication errors can occur frequently. However, most of these …