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We have previously demonstrated that elevation of free cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration at the time of differentiation of chondroblasts was mainly due to a Ca²⁺ influx and it was indispensable to cartilage formation in chicken high density mesenchymal cell cultures (HDC) [C. Matta, J. Fodor, Z. Szijgyarto, T. Juhasz, P. Gergely, L. Csernoch, R. Zakany, Cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentration exhibits a characteristic temporal pattern during in vitro cartilage differentiation: a possible regulatory role of calcineurin in Ca-signalling of chondrogenic cells, Cell Calcium 44 (2008) 310–323]. Here, we report that chondrogenic cells secreted ATP and administration of ATP to the culture medium evoked Ca²⁺ transients exclusively in the presence of extracellular Ca²⁺ and only on day 3 of culturing, when the final commitment of chondroblasts occurs. Moreover, ATP caused elevated protein expression of the chondrogenic transcription …