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A methodis proposedto simultaneouslyrecordsinglephotonemissionand transmission tomographic (SPECT) studiesto producea mapof attenuationcoefficients (@@) for the body. A dual radionuclide SPECT acquisition is performed with a transmission source attached to a rotating gamma camera of lower energy than the emission radionuclide. Scatter from the emissionsourceinto the transmissionwindow is removedby subtractingthe predicted scatterdistribution. Thetransmissionimageisthenreconstructedtoyieldthemapof attenuationcoefficientsfor anatomicdisplayor attenuationcorrectionpurposes. Experimental work has shown that the method can accurately derive@ values to ±2.5% in both phantom andpatientstudies, withoutincreasingacquisitiontime. Preliminaryattenuationcorrection experiments have demonstrated an accuracy of better than 5% for estimated activity.