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Our goal was to assess the contributions of identity theory to fathering research by critically reviewing the fathering literature that incorporated concepts and assumptions from this theory to frame their efforts. Overall, research findings support the association between father identity and fathering behavior, although differences in the nuance of theoretical constructs (status vs. role) in this association are less pronounced. We identify several weaknesses in this literature (e.g., variations in conceptualization and operationalization of constructs that result in conflicting results, confusion of status and role‐level conceptualization). We end with conclusions about the continued utility of this theory in informing this body of research.