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Fluoxetine is one of the worlds most prescribed antidepressant, and frequently detected in surface waters. Once present in the aquatic environment, fluoxetine has been shown to disrupt the swimming behaviour of fish and invertebrates. However, swimming behaviour is also known to be highly variable according to experimental conditions, potentially concealing relevant effects. Therefore, the aims of this study were two-fold: i) investigate the swimming and feeding behaviour of Gammarus pulex after exposure to the antidepressant fluoxetine (0.2, 2, 20, and 200 μg/L), and ii) assess to what the degree experimental conditions test durations (short-term and long-term) and test locations (laboratory and semi-field conditions) affects gammarid's swimming behaviour. We used automated video tracking and analysis to asses a range of swimming behaviours of G. pulex including, swimming speed, startle responses after …