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Atherosclerosis is a major cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. Chronic inflammation of the arterial wall including invasion, proliferation, and differentiation of leukocytes is important in atherosclerotic lesion development. How atherosclerotic inflammation is altered in renal impairment is incompletely understood.

This study analyzed leukocytes of the atherosclerotic aorta in mice with impaired and normal renal function and studied a mechanism for the alteration in aortic myeloid leukocytes.

Unilateral nephrectomy significantly decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased atherosclerotic lesion size and aortic leukocyte numbers in 2 murine atherosclerosis models, apolipoprotein E (Apoe^−/−) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor–deficient (LDLr^−/−) mice. The number of aortic myeloid cells increased significantly. They took-up less oxidized LDL …