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Background The first national recommendations on neuraxial anaesthesia and antithrombotic drugs were published by the German Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care in 1997 1 followed by the American Society of Regional Anesthesia (ASRA) in 1998, 2 and Belgian anaesthesiologists in 2000. 3 Since then new anticoagulant agents have been introduced and more information regarding the risk of neuraxial regional anaesthesia with concurrent anticoagulation is available. In addition, it has become clear that if antiplatelet drugs are withheld after coronary stent implantation, the risk of adverse perioperative cardiovascular events increases. Newer and more comprehensive recommendations are warranted.

The European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA) workingparty on Neuraxial Anaesthesia and Anticoagulants, composed of academic physicians experienced in this topic, has the aim of providing …