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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether older first-time mothers (≥37 years) have higher rates of postpartum depression compared with younger first-time mothers, controlling for mode of conception and known risk factors for postpartum depression. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics in two large Australian cities and public and private antenatal clinics and/or classes in the vicinity of ART clinics. PATIENT(S): Nulliparous women who had conceived spontaneously (n = 295) or through ART (n = 297) in three age-groups: younger, 20 to 30 years (n = 173); middle, 31 to 36 years (n = 214); and older, ≥37 years (n = 189). INTERVENTION(S): Semistructured interviews and questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Major depressive disorder in the first 4 months after birth as assessed by structured diagnostic interview. RESULT(S): The study performed 592 …