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The impact of the environment on interannual variability in fish recruitment has proven difficult to establish empirically, and environment-recruitment correlations have often been found to break down when more data become available. This may suggest that the statistical models have failed to capture the essential explanatory variables, or that environment-recruitment relationships are non-stationary, and thus actually change. The present paper explores the effect of climate, measured by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), on the recruitment of North Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. The literature on the topic is reviewed and compared with results from a new analysis, in which data from all 22 main stocks are combined in 1 overall model. Results of the new analysis demonstrate (i) a geographic pattern in the effect of the NAO on recruitment, which resembles the geographic pattern of the correlation between the NAO …