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Fifty-one isolates of Phialophora americana, P. parasitica, P. richardsiae, and P. verrucosa (deuteromycetes) were initially characterized by restriction enzyme mapping of the ribosomal DNA region containing the conserved 5.8 S gene and the more variable intergenic spacers. Based on this mapping, the 34 isolates in the P. americana/P. verrucosa complex were separated into eight phenotypic groups, the 9 isolates of P. parasitica were split into four groups, and all 6 isolates of P. richardsiae were within a single group. Twenty-four isolates representing 12 of the 13 restriction map groups were chosen for sequence analysis of the same region. The results indicated that isolates selected from the same group shared identical DNA sequences. Comparisons of the sequences revealed a wide range of variation among the species, from a minimum of 13 to a maximum of 196 base pair differences. The gene regions (3 …