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Methods

We utilized a nationwide, single-provider database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service, which covers the entire Korean population, to identify 515 261 adults aged≥ 20 newly diagnosed with cancer [having International Classification of Disease, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes C00–C97 and critical condition code V193] in 2011–13. 2 Among 371 184 (72.0%)≥ 3-year survivors, 162 543 underwent health examinations each within 2 years before and within 3 years after a cancer diagnosis. We excluded 1228 participants with missing data on covariables, 4294 who had myocardial infarction or stroke before the 3-year survival date (index date; Figure 1A), and 6588 with< 2 years of follow-up, yielding a final cohort of 150 433 participants. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Severance Hospital (Y-2021-0052) with a waiver of informed consent.