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In recent decades, stem cell therapy has been introduced as a novel therapeutic approach for patients suffering from bone disorders. Recently, menstrual blood has been identified as an easily accessible and recycled stem cell source. However, the osteogenic differentiation capacity of menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) compared with other adult stem cells remained unsolved. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MenSCs compared to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the presence of human platelet releasate (HPR). Our results showed that MenSCs were strongly positive for mesenchymal and negative for hematopoietic stem cell markers in a similar manner to BMSCs. In contrary to BMSCs, MenSCs exhibited marked expression of OCT-4 and a significantly higher proliferative capacity. Mineralization, as judged by alizarin red staining …