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Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) play important non-redundant roles in negatively regulating T cell immune responses. Therapeutic blockade of CTLA-4 or PD-1 pathways has been demonstrated to enhance T cell reactivity to tumor-specific antigens, translating to a significant improvement in overall survival. This anti-tumor effect can be further augmented when PD-1 and CTLA-4 antagonist antibodies are co-administered. The therapeutic impact of this combination is exemplified by the approval of this combination for advanced melanoma, as well as clinical benefit of the combination observed in NSCLC, mRCC, and most recently, mUC. AGEN1884, a human IgG1 antibody directed against CTLA-4, potently inhibits CTLA-4 binding to CD80 and CD86, resulting in enhanced T cell responsiveness in vitro, as well as in a vaccination model in non …