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To document cognition and behavior at school entry in these patients.

Eighteen children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH; 9 severe and 9 moderate, based on a surface of the knee epiphyses at diagnosis<or ≥0.05 cm²) treated from a median of 14 days with a median of 12.0 μg/kg per day of levothyroxine were evaluated at 5 years, 9 months, with the McCarthy Scale and the Questionnaire for Evaluation of Social Behavior, as were 40 control children.

The global IQs at 5 years, 9 months, were similar: medians (range) were 102 (87 to 133), 102 (84 to 135), and 115 (88 to 136) (not significant) for severe CH, moderate CH, and control children, respectively. The behavioral scores of CH children were within the normal range. However, the number of times when plasma TSH was >6.0 mIU/L during treatment was correlated positively with anxiety (P=.02) and inattention (P=.05 …