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The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that decrease in cerebral oxygenation compromises an individual's ability to respond to peripheral visual stimuli during exercise. We measured the simple reaction time (RT) to peripheral visual stimuli at rest and during and after cycling at three different workloads [40%, 60%, and 80% peak oxygen uptake (V̇o₂)] under either normoxia [inspired fraction of oxygen (Fi_O2) = 0.21] or normobaric hypoxia (Fi_O2 = 0.16). Peripheral visual stimuli were presented at 10° to either the right or the left of the midpoint of the eyes. Cerebral oxygenation was monitored during the RT measurement over the right frontal cortex with near-infrared spectroscopy. We used the premotor component of RT (premotor time) to assess effects of exercise on the central process. The premotor time was significantly longer during exercise at 80% peak V̇o₂ (normoxia: 214.2 ± 33.0 ms, hypoxia …