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Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by a loss of atonia and an increase in phasic muscle activity during REM sleep, leading to complex nocturnal motor behaviors. Brainstem structures responsible for the pathogenesis of RBD are also implicated in cortical activation. To verify the hypothesis that electroencephalogram (EEG) activation will be impaired in RBD, we performed quantitative analyses of waking and REM sleep EEG in 15 idiopathic RBD patients and 15 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy subjects. During wakefulness, RBD patients showed a considerably higher θ power in frontal, temporal, and occipital regions with a lower β power in the occipital region. The dominant occipital frequency was significantly lower in RBD. During REM sleep, β power in the occipital region was lower in RBD. This study shows for the first time an impaired cortical activation during both …