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Since the functional recovery of the reconstructed bladder is related to the bladder wall contraction and existing therapies do not respond to this, tissue engineering could be worth considered promising candidates for developing of conventional treatments in these kinds of ailments. Due to the low mechanical properties of natural scaffolds, biocompatible synthetic scaffolds can play a key role in the stem cells proliferation and differentiation and apply for many tissue-engineering applications. On the other hand, considering the low shelf life of TGFβ, encapsulating this growth factor can help maintain its functionality throughout the study period. In this study, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated through electrospinning method with or without chitosan nanoparticles loaded TGFβ. All scaffolds characterized morphologically by using SEM, TGFβ release profiling as well as biocompatibility …