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Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death. Most colorectal cancers are believed to develop from colorectal adenomas. We examined the effect of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors rofecoxib and celecoxib, nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, and acetaminophen on colorectal neoplasia (colorectal cancer, colorectal adenoma, or both).

This was a nested case-control study, which used data from a government insurance database on patients 65 years and older who underwent a diagnostic test or procedure for colorectal neoplasia between January and June 2001. Logistic regression models were used to determine the effect of exposure to the drugs of interest for at least 3 months on the occurrence or recurrence of colorectal neoplasia.

The control group included 2568 patients found to be free of colorectal neoplasia …