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Energy and environmental efficiency evaluation has recently attracted increasing interest in China. In this study, we utilize the Range-Adjusted Measure (RAM) based nonparametric approach to evaluate the regional energy and environmental efficiency of China over the period of 2006–2010. The desirable/good and undesirable/bad outputs, as well as the energy and non-energy inputs are considered in the efficiency evaluation so as to characterize the energy consumption, economic production, and CO₂ emission process of different China’s regions. In addition, the economic concepts of natural disposability and managerial disposability are incorporated in the evaluation instead of the strong and weak disposability in conventional environmental efficiency evaluation. Therefore, the types of returns to scale and damages to scale of different China’s regions are measured and correspondingly the strategy and …