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The effect of dietary fat and carbohydrate on glucose metabolism has been debated for decades.

The objective was to compare the effect of 3 ad libitum diets, different in type and amount of fat and carbohydrate, on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance subsequent to weight loss.

Forty-six nondiabetic, obese [mean (±SEM) body mass index (in kg/m²): 31.2 ± 0.3] men (n = 20) and premenopausal women (n = 26) aged 28.0 ± 0.7 y were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets after ≥8% weight loss: 1) MUFA diet (n = 16): moderate in fat (35–45% of energy) and high in monounsaturated fatty acids (>20% of energy); 2) LF diet (n = 18): low-fat diet (20–30% of energy), and 3) control diet (n = 12): 35% of energy as fat (>15% of energy as saturated fatty acids). Protein accounted for 15% of energy in all 3 diets. A 2-h oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) was performed before and after the 6-mo …