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Most research on Mandarin prosody has focused on the formation and classification of prosodic constituents or domains and on their relationships with other factors, such as syntactic structures (eg, Shih 1986, Duanmu 1999, 2000, Lu and Duanmu 2002). These proposals have not addressed the issue of prosodic constituents as planning units in speech production. If Levelt's model is universally true, it should be also applicable to Mandarin Chinese. Following Levelt's (1989, 1992) model and Wheeldon and Lahiri's (1997) findings on Dutch, in the present study I describe two experiments, an experiment of prepared speech and one of immediate (spontaneous) speech to observe the role of phonological words in Mandarin speech production.