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Linoleic acid, one of the major fatty acid in dietary oils, is an important source for hydroperoxides that may be formed in the presence of oxygen during food processing. Oxidized oils are absorbed in the intestine, transported as chylomicrones to the liver, and may affect unaltered hepatic cells as well as the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. We have studied the effects of linoleic acid hydroperoxides (LOOH) on growth and gene expression of cultured human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC‐1.2). The addition of LOOH to the medium of HCC‐1.2 carcinoma cells caused dose‐dependent cell loss and enhanced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)‐release. Under subtoxic conditions, LOOH induced intracellular hydrogen peroxide production, a decrease of glutathione content, elevated expression of the AP‐1 components c‐fos and c‐jun as well as of the anti‐apoptotic enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1). Furthermore …