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Objective:

To determine the risk factors related to the presence of postsurgical nosocomial pneumonia (NP) in patients who had undergone cardiac surgery.

Design:

A case-control study.

Setting:

Postcardiac surgical intensive care unit at a university center.

Patients:

A total of 45 patients with NP and 90 control patients collected during a 4-yr period.

Interventions:

Pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors were collected and compared between two groups of patients (cases vs. controls) to determine their influence on the development of NP. The diagnosis of NP was always microbiologically confirmed as pulmonary specimen brush culture of≥ 10 3 colony-forming units/mL or positive blood culture/pleural fluid culture by the growth of identical microorganisms isolated at the lung. For each patient diagnosed with NP, we selected control cases at a ratio of 1: 2.

Measurements and Main Results:

The incidence of NP was 6.5 …