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Nurse-patient therapeutic engagement on acute mental health wards is beneficial to service users' outcomes and nurses' job satisfaction. However, engagement is not always fulfilled in practice and interventions to improve engagement are sparse, ineffective and not theoretically underpinned. Overarching aim: To understand and improve nurse-patient therapeutic engagement on acute mental health wards by co-designing a complex behaviour change intervention.

The study consisted of three phases, informed by the Medical Research Council's guidance for developing and evaluating complex interventions: - Phase 1 included a systematic integrative review guided by the COM-B model for behaviour change and the Theoretical Domains Framework - Phase 2a was the intervention development phase, which used a novel approach combining Experience-based Co-design (EBCD) and the Behaviour Change Wheel with service users, carers and clinicians on an acute mental health ward - Phase 2b used the Behaviour Change Wheel including the COM-B model, Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy v1 to code (i) the freely available Point of Care Foundation EBCD toolkit, (ii) this study's protocol, (iii) event evaluation questionnaires and (iv) fieldnotes from participant and non-participant observations of the co-design workshops conducted in this study - Phase 3 intended to conduct a quasi-experimental pre-post-test on a control and intervention ward using a structured observation tool and the VOICE questionnaire to evaluate the intervention's impact on the amount and quality of …