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Trichomonas is a genus of amitochondriate flagellated protozoans, that possess four anterior flagella and an undulating membrane. Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease, trichomoniasis. Establishment and maintenance of infection are mediated through several mechanisms including morphogenesis and cytoadherence, cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, endocytosis and immune evasion strategies. Moreover, the parasite settles symbiotic relationships with different microorganisms. Untreated or persistent infection can be associated with adverse health outcomes in both women and men. Trichomonas tenax, a protozoon inhabiting the oral cavity, has been linked to the occurrence and/or the severity of periodontitis.