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Mobile learning (m-learning) as a kind of learning model allowing learners to obtain learning materials anywhere and anytime using mobile technologies and the Internet. It is necessary that the elements of mobile learning are organized correctly and the interactions between the various elements are combined in an efficient and optimum way so that the mobile learning is successful and the implementation is efficient. In addition, the characteristics of mobile learning should be organized, and the way they are applied to mobile learning activities and the application methods and the duration of the application time should be planned well in advance. Consequently, a deeper insight into theory-based research is required to better understand the underlying motivations that lead academics to adopting mobile learning elements and characteristics. These reasons have motivated authors to carry out this study. Learner …