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The gecko Tarentola mauritanica is a Mediterranean species that is widely distributed across southern Europe and North Africa. Initial phylogeographic studies based on mtDNA concluded that the European populations originated from recent colonizations from North Africa, possibly involving man-mediated introductions. A distinct lineage, found to be a sister taxon to the widespread European lineage, was subsequently reported from parts of the Iberian Peninsula. Like many gecko species, T. mauritanica contains several deep intraspecific genetic lineages within North Africa. However, in contrast to this diversity, a single mtDNA haplotype is widespread across a large part of its European range. In this work, we analysed a total of 834 base pairs from two mtDNA genes (12SrRNA and 16SrRNA) for 154 specimens, and a total of 1876bp from three nuclear genes (ACM4, MC1R and Rag2) for 51 specimens to test the …