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Although alcohol misuse is associated with deleterious outcomes in critically ill patients, its detection by either self‐report or examination of biomarkers is difficult to obtain consistently. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a direct alcohol biomarker that can characterize alcohol consumption patterns; however, its diagnostic accuracy in identifying misuse in critically ill patients is unknown.

PEth values were obtained in a mixed cohort comprising 122 individuals from medical and burn intensive care units (n = 33), alcohol detoxification unit (n = 51), and healthy volunteers (n = 38). Any alcohol misuse and severe misuse were referenced by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and AUDIT‐C scores separately. Mixed‐effects logistic regression analysis was performed, and the discrimination of PEth was evaluated using the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve …