查看文章

Background

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expressed in the human reproductive system, holds a pivotal role in the reproductive processes. This study investigates the in vitro effect of GM-CSF on the testicular sperm of obstructive azoospermia (OA) patients and assesses the effectiveness of GM-CSF‐supplemented sperm media in Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes.

Methods and Results

Following testicular sperm extraction from 20 patients diagnosed with OA, each sample was divided into two parts: the experimental samples were incubated with the medium containing 2 ng/ml GM-CSF at 37 C for 60 min, and control samples were incubated with medium without GM-CSF. Subsequently, the oocytes retrieved from the partner were injected with sperms from treatment and the control groups. The sperm parameters (motility, viability), the expression level of sperm motility …