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In recent years a wide variety of models of trade unions have been developed (see Oswald, 1985 for a survey). One of the problems with this development has been the lack of a unified framework in which to evaluate these different theories. This paper looks at one way of developing a general trade union model which encompasses many of the popular union models in current use. For most of the paper we look at simple models in which the only issues of collective bargaining are wages and employment. Collective bargaining is modelled as a two-stage process; in the first stage wages are determined and in the second stage employment. The power of the union to obtain an outcome favourable to itself may differ in the two stages. Many existing trade union models turn out to be particular assumptions about these bargaining powers. However, we also generate a new class of models. If this generalisation was …