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Proton CT (pCT) has the potential to accurately measure the electron density map of tissues at low doses but the spatial resolution is prohibitive if the curved paths of protons in matter is not accounted for. The authors propose to account for an estimate of the most likely path of protons in a filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction algorithm.

The energy loss of protons is first binned in several proton radiographs at different distances to the proton source to exploit the depth‐dependency of the estimate of the most likely path. This process is named the distance‐driven binning. A voxel‐specific backprojection is then used to select the adequate radiograph in the distance‐driven binning in order to propagate in the pCT image the best achievable spatial resolution in proton radiographs. The improvement in spatial resolution is demonstrated using Monte Carlo simulations of resolution phantoms …