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Fruit crops represent a wide range of woody perennial species cultivated in orchards where soils vary greatly in their biological, chemical, and physical properties. Production of high-yield and high-quality fruits requires the application of appropriate fertilizers. Conventional chemical fertilizers usually cannot sustain a long-lasting supply of nutrients and are often associated with nutrient loss, particularly nitrate nitrogen (N₃O-N) leaching, ammonia (NH₃) volatilization, and N₂O emission, which may potentially contaminate natural aquifers and contribute to greenhouse gas omission. Controlled- and slow-release fertilizers (CRFs and SRFs) are those with nutrient elements coated or encapsulated, allowing nutrients to be released in either a controlled or slow fashion. Evidence suggests that CRF and SRF application not only enhances fruit crop yield and fruit quality but also reduces N₃O-N leaching, NH₃ volatilization …