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Cellulose is an essential component of plant cell walls, and one of the major constituents of soil organic matter. Decomposition of cellulose, mediated by microorganisms, is critical to the sustainable development of arable soils. However, how exogenous cellulose addition, as a surrogate for organic material amendment, influences the diversity and community compositions of soil microorganisms and their network complexity remains largely unknown. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a microcosm experiment incubated with soils that had been subjected to long-term mineral or organic fertilization. Cellulose addition increased the cumulative CO₂ emission in all treatments, with the highest value found in the pig manure amended soils. Cellulose addition significantly reduced the alpha diversity of bacteria and fungi across all fertilization treatments, with a more pronounced effect observed for fungi …