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This study examined BOLD changes prior to interictal discharges in the EEG of patients with epilepsy. From a database of 143 EEG–fMRI studies, we selected the 16 data sets that showed both strong fMRI activation in the original analysis and only a single spike type in the EEG. Scans were then analyzed using seven model HRFs, peaking 3 or 1 s before the event, or 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 s after it. An HRF was calculated using a deconvolution method for all activations seen in each analysis. The results showed that seven data sets had HRFs that peaked 1 s after the event or earlier, indicating a BOLD change starting prior to the spike seen on the scalp EEG. This is surprising since the BOLD change is expected to result from the spike. For most of the data sets with early peaking HRFs, the maximum activation in all of the statistical maps was when the model HRF peaked 1 s after the event, suggesting that the early …