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Mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium fungi, is a contaminant in wheat, barley, and corn worldwide. It has been suggested that DON exhibits toxicity in various organs. Due to the lack of immunotoxicity data for DON, we investigated the differential immunomodulatory effects of DON in mice. DON was orally administered to female BALB/c mice at a dose of 0, 0.5, or 2 mg/kg body weight for 14 days and various immunotoxicity tests were performed with standard protocols. The population of CD19⁺ and CD11c⁺ cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and of F4/80⁺ cells in the spleen was significantly decreased in DON-treated mice, whereas the level of CD8⁺ and CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ cells in the spleen and CD4⁺ T cells in MLN was significantly increased. In intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IELs) of the small intestine, the population of CD4 ⁺ and CD19⁺ cells was …