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In the field of bioelectronics, and in particular for neuroprosthetics,[1–3] materials at the tissue/electrode interface are critical for either stimulation or recording with electronic devices. Besides an excellent electronic performance, suitable materials for the development of neuroprostheses must promote a close contact to the neuronal tissue. This proximity, for instance, decreases the diffusion of stimulating current and thus increases the focal efficacy during stimulation,[4] or allows the detection of small signals in the recording mode.[5, 6] One of the characteristic that largely influences the tissue/electrode interface is the biocompatibility of the electrode material. Herein, we demonstrate the excellent cytocompatibility of graphene, a promising material for novel neural prostheses, by showing that primary retinal ganglion cells can directly survive on its surface without any supporting glial layer or protein coating.

Graphene …