作者
Peter Claes, Mark Walters, Mark D Shriver, David Puts, Greg Gibson, John Clement, Gareth Baynam, Geert Verbeke, Dirk Vandermeulen, Paul Suetens
发表日期
2012/8
期刊
Journal of anatomy
卷号
221
期号
2
页码范围
97-114
出版商
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
简介
Accurate measurement of facial sexual dimorphism is useful to understanding facial anatomy and specifically how faces influence, and have been influenced by, sexual selection. An important facial aspect is the display of bilateral symmetry, invoking the need to investigate aspects of symmetry and asymmetry separately when examining facial shape. Previous studies typically employed landmarks that provided only a sparse facial representation, where different landmark choices could lead to contrasting outcomes. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism is only tested as a difference of sample means, which is statistically the same as a difference in population location only. Within the framework of geometric morphometrics, we partition facial shape, represented in a spatially dense way, into patterns of symmetry and asymmetry, following a two‐factor anova design. Subsequently, we investigate sexual dimorphism in …
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