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Numerous materials have been employed in the surface modification of membranes, including different polymers and nanomaterials over the years. The pernicious challenges of membrane separation include the trade-off between water permeability and solute rejection as well as fouling when it is tested under liquid conditions. Zwitterionic polymers have attracted wide interest due to their unique properties of containing both cationic and anionic groups while maintaining electroneutrality and high hydrophilicity. These zwitterionic polymers have been utilized as coating materials or grafted layers not only on the surfaces of porous membranes but also as thin film composite membranes. To illustrate, the membranes modified with this class of materials are capable of resisting foulants through two distinct mechanisms, which are the hydration layer formation and steric repulsion effect, showcasing their unique chemical …