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Carbon tax and carbon emission trading are used as emission reduction strategies. This paper re-analyzes the differences between the carbon tax and carbon trading by applying a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model, called the CEEEA (China Environmental-Energy-Economy Analysis) model. Unlike previous literature, we make the gross domestic product an exogenous variable and explore different effects between carbon tax mechanism and carbon trading mechanism on the environment, energy, and economy. Given a constant GDP effect, both carbon trading and carbon tax have strong emission reduction capacity, but the relative emission reduction efficiency of the carbon tax is higher than that of carbon trading. This advantage increases over time. Carbon trading has a certain negative effect on the output of the energy industry, and also on the output of other energy-intensive industries …