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Atopic dermatitis/AD is a common disease, with high prevalence seen in Africa. It is increasingly recognized that AD patients of different ethnic backgrounds have unique molecular signatures in skin, potentially accounting for treatment response variations. However, the skin profile of AD patients from Africa is unknown, hindering development of treatments targeted to this population. The goal of this study was to characterize the skin of AD patients from Africa. We used gene-expression studies including RNA-sequencing (using threshold of fold-change/FCH> 2 and false discovery rate/FDR< 0.05) and real-time PCR on skin biopsies of Tanzanian moderate-to-severe AD patients and controls. Our results found that Tanzanian AD skin had robust upregulations of multiple key mediators of both Th2 (IL13/IL10/IL4R/CCL13/CCL17/CCL18/CCL26) and Th22 (IL22/S100As) pathways. Markers related to Th17/IL23 (IL17A …